These natural riches can also be a source of income and wellbeing. Rspo manual on best management practices bmps for management and rehabilitation of natural vegetation associated with oil palm cultivation on peat 8 9 oil palm plantations have a role to play in identifying, managing and enhancing river reserves and peat swamp forests that are on and adjacent to their land. The national park, wildlife and plant conservation department has developed this manual on peat swamp forests rehabilitation and planting to help government organizations, nongovernment. The worst occurrence of fires in peat swamp in the recent years was the vast.
This study presents the c stocks, removals, and emissions dataset, as well as the determining. Pdf tree biomass equations for tropical peat swamp forest. The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in. Pdf biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. Evers stephanie, in soil management and climate change, 2018. However, cores from the forest were collected in 2017, very close to the peat swamp forest site psf1 not logged for 30 years, and at a forest site converted to oil palm close to bf1 and bf2. Ensure residual stand allowing maintenance of canopy cover vegetation. Decision support tree for management of peatlands and organic soils figure 3. Scientifically peat swamp forests store more carbon than a natural forest, a clear indication of their importance in mitigating global warming and climate change. They are made up of trees which are broadleaved not conifers, and many other types of flowering plants peat swamp forests are usually surrounded by lowland rain forests. It is important to develop aspecific management systemfor productivepeat swamp forest based on this forests physical and ecological characteristics. This project design document was prepared for the project rewetting of tropical peat swamp forest in sebangau national park. Management and development of indigenous species to support economic local people at periphery forest case study in central borneo, indonesia.
The conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm cultivation has resulted in the loss of stored nutrients in the peat soil, especially to the atmosphere. Peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store. The forest resources are intensively exploited manually by artisanal loggers and hunters, and on a large industrial scale in states like ondo, edo, delta, bayelsa, rivers, and cross river. Land use conversion from peat swamp forest to oil palm. On the other hand, most of the species above were limited, be cause the forest management policies in the past did not consider sustainability. Towards sustainable management of indonesian tropical. Forests and water food and agriculture organization of the united. In an undisturbed condition, these peatlands make a significant contribution to terrestrial carbon storage, both in terms of their aboveground biomass peat swamp forest and thick deposits of. Peat swamp forest simple english wikipedia, the free. Thus, forestry is an important economic activity in the area. At the same time, peatlands are the largest natural terrestrial carbon store.
Tropical peatland fires in southeast asia springerlink. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. Global journal of environmental science and management, 3, 1, 2017, 6374. Carbon stocks, emissions, and aboveground productivity in. In community forestry terms this can also be called an action plan, and can include issues relevant to national forest law. Soil carbon and nitrogen are the two major nutrients that are found in large quantities in the. Jelutung dyera polyphylla agroforestry on drained peatlands. Attempts at preservation have been minimal in comparison to recent devastation while commercial logging of peat swamp forest in sarawak is ongoing and planned to intensify in brunei.
Sustainable management of peat swamp forest of sarawak. Biodiversity of the sebangau tropical peat swamp forest. They are made up of trees which are broadleaved not conifers, and many other types of flowering plants. Peat swamp forests, which have ecological importance, are one of the most threatened, yet least studied and most poorly understood biotypes. Peat forests and the ecosystem services they provide are being transformed at a critical rate between 2007 and. Fires in indonesian peat swamp forests in 2015, for example, emitted nearly 16 million tonnes of co 2 a day. However, the contribution of peat swamp forests to c storage is currently under threat from largescale. Peat fires in the region almost always occur as a result of human intervention. This is more than the daily emissions from the entire us economy. The piu report focus on the activities conducted by project implementation unit piu how to run the program of scientifict studies for the rehabilitation and management of the tripa peatswamp forest. Management unit at site level of kph tasik besar serkap covers a very wide area of more than 510.
Forest ecology and management 334 2014 241253 contents lists available at. Tropical peat swamp forest ecosystem and floristic diversity. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in central. As the peat in tropical peat swamp forests is largely composed of trees, the speed of water. Prevent further land alienation in the buffer zone. The majority of the orangutan population is supported by the mixedswamp forest 9.
The conservation of the peat swamp forest will also help to restore the peatland ecosystem and reduce poverty of several thousand families which depend directly and indirectly on the sustainable use of peatland resources in the project area. The peat swamp forest reserve of bram itam is managed by the forest management unit of bram itam in coordination with the forest service of tanjung jabung barat district, jambi province, indonesia. The methodology is applicable only for avoiding complete conversion of peat swamp forests to another known land use. The objective of this study is to develop ecotourism management strategies of peat swamp forest in baning ntp area in west. Peat swamp forests occur where waterlogged soils prevent dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing, which over time creates thick layer of acidic peat. These activities reduce the vulnerability of human systems in the landscape to climate change impacts, thus contributing to adaptation needs as well.
A peat swamp forest is characterized by evergreen forest, a type of tropical rainforest. This knowledge can be used to improve management and conservation of tropical peat. Lad campbell 20 bornean toprical peat swamp forests outrop. Farmers perceptions and attitudes toward forest watershed conservation of the north selangor peat swamp forest. Using raunkiaer and webbs leaf size classification, the leaf morphometrics of seven tree species consistently found on the established sampling plots were determined. Tropical peat swamp forest ecosystem and floristic diversity in pahang, malaysia kamaruzaman jusoff, che hashim hassan and khali aziz hamzah abstractpeat swamp forests are highly significant danida focusing on the south east pahang peat globally, both for their diverse and threatened species. They have poor drainage, and waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing.
In the southeast asia region a manual for identifying wetland benefits in the stages prior. Peatlands food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Peat swamp forest supports a range of other rare and threatened species, and would appear to have high conservation value. The piu report focus on the activities conducted by project implementation unit piu how to run the program of scientifict studies for the rehabilitation and management of the tripa peat swamp forest. Extent of peatland in peninsular malaysia, sumatra, and borneo figure 5. Review of policies and practices in tropical peat swamp.
Natural peat swamp forest has decreased from 51% of which only 6% is undisturbed forests of sumatran peatlands in 2000 to only 17% in 2014 of which 4% undisturbed forests, all located in. Peat swamp forests psfs represent about 12% of the land area in southeast asia, which equals more than 27 million hectares, of which 83% is found in indonesia 1. Management of peat swamp forest a case study for loagan bu. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from conversion of peat.
Extensive tropical peatlands are located in the malaysian and indonesian lowlands, particularly in borneo, sumatra, west papua, and peninsular malaysia. Rspo manual on best management practices bmps asean peat. Management of peat swamp forest a case study for loagan. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in central kalimantan, indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. Swamp forests have a unique role in local water balance and the global. Peat swamp forest and the false gharial tomistoma schlegelii.
In some villages within peat swamp forest areas, 2040% of the population was poor. Conservation and sustainable use of tropical peat swamp. However, there is still a lack of understanding on the c cycle in psfs, especially in association with land use and cover changes e. A forest management plan is a written or understood agreement for a programme of work in the forest, in terms of who does it, and where, when and how the work is done. Peat swamp forest are carbon greenhouse gas emissions from land use.
The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest. Efransjah, 1abdul rashid samad, 1khali aziz hamzah, 2 hj sapuan ahmad, 2jack liam, 3wilfred landong abstract peat swamp forests are unique habitats for flora and fauna, with a high proportion of endemic species. Deploy iotbased solution for peat swamp forest monitoring with the communities technological innovation. Forest resilience, tipping points and global change processes longterm disturbance dynamics and resilience of tropical peat swamp forests lydia e. Ecotourism management strategy of peat swamp forest in baning nature tourist park area in doi. However, cores from the forest were collected in 2017, very close to the peat swamp forest site psf1 not logged for 30 years, and at a forest. The consequences of uncontrolled change to the peat swamp forests of. Degraded and converted peat swamp forest has enhanced the emission of co 2 and become one major contributor of huge greenhouse gas emission. Undrained peat rarely burns so drainage of peatland for agriculture, forest plantation and timber harvesting and other purposes is the main root cause of peatland fires. The sabangau catchment comprises 5,300 km2 of peatswamp forest between the sabangau and the katingan rivers incentral kalimantan,indonesiafig. Land tenure the peat swamp forest reserve of bram itam was occupied and cultivated by farmers. The coastal forests are diverse, including moist lowland forest, freshwater swamp forest, mangrove zone, etc. Pekan peat swamp forest is part of the 200,000 hectares of peat swamp forest located in pahang, peninsular malaysia. Tropical peat swamp forest ecosystem and floristic.
Aug 07, 20 the parts following will discuss the local people who depend on these forests, and the management of these forests with regards to the past, present and future. Fossil pollen and charcoal were counted in each sedimentary sequence to reconstruct vegetation and investigate responses to past environmental disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic. Results demonstrate that peat swamp forest taxa have dominated these vegetation pro. Recently, the forest management had focused on the conservation. Reforestation of such degraded peat swamp forest, by natural processes, to natural high quality peat swamp forest conditions requires over 200 years. Palm oil sustainability assessment of salimrelated companies. The unworkable gears of drained peatland utilization figure 4. Amongthe significant aspects of forest management is optimum harvesting which is critical in achieving sustainable management of all forest types, including the peat swamp forest. Distribution status of peat swamp forest in sibu division, sarawak malaysia. Malaysias peat swamp forests also provide crucial benefits and services for the sustainable development of human communities. Since the 1970s, peat swamp forest deforestation and drainage have increased exponentially. The spongy, unstable, waterlogged, anaerobic beds of peat can be up to 20 m deep with low ph ph 2. Peat swamp forest are unusual ecosystems, with trees up to 70 m high vastly different from the peat lands of the north temperate and boreal zones which are dominated by sphagnum mosses, grasses, sedges and shrubs. Peatland conservation, restoration and improved management are lowhanging fruit.
Waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from decomposing fully. The case of peatland swamp forest in north selangor. Many of these species are considered forest dependent, and the entire community is expected to be important for maintaining the resilience of the peat swamp forest ecosystem and the environmental services that it provides. Tropical peat swamp forests are ombrotrophic wetland ecosystems that sequester carbon c into vegetation and, especially, into peat below the forest floor. The objective of the study is therefore to assess the status of the remaining peat swamp forest. Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in sabangau peat. Willis1,2,4,5 1oxford longterm ecology laboratory, department of zoology, university of oxford, south parks road, oxford ox1. Case study for loagan bunut national park, sarawak, malaysia by 1alexander k. Mitigation efforts focused on peat swamp forests include forest conservation and management and the maintenance or restoration of peatland hydrology. It is assumed that land preparation during the conversion of peat forest would have removed all existing aboveground biomass stocks through logging andor burning.
The highest conversion of natural peat swamp forest took place in sumatra fig. Ecotourism management strategy of peat swamp forest in. Pdf the dynamic of aboveground carbon stock in peat swamp. Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in sabangau. Biodiversity of the sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, indonesian borneo s. Peninsular malaysia and the north selangor peat swamp forests o. Peatlands are a type of wetlands which are among the most valuable ecosystems on earth. The tropical peat swamp forest in malaysia has reduced significantly due to increasing pressure for development and demand for agricultural land. Palm oil sustainability assessment of salimrelated. In addition to the carbon currently stored in a tropical peat swamp forest, one hectare of healthy peatland sequesters an additional 0. Longa term disturbance dynamics and resilience of tropical. The consequences of uncontrolled change to the peat swamp forests of southeast asia. The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood.
Leaf size indices of the tree species in the peatland of agusan del sur in mindanao in philippines was examined to deduce the variation of forest structure and observed forest zonation. Tropical wetlands such as peat swamp forests psfs have been known globally as one of the carbon crich ecosystems. An environmental and economic assessment of forest management options. Farmers perceptions and attitudes toward forest watershed.
Peat swamp forest project management zone 2 forest reserves buffer 1. Recently, the for est management had focused on the conservation. Sustainable management of peat swamp forest of sarawak with. Efransjah, 1abdul rashid samad, 1khali aziz hamzah, 2 hj sapuan ahmad, 2jack liam, 3wilfred landong abstract peat swamp forests are unique habitats for flora and fauna, with a high proportion of. However, the contribution of peat swamp forests to c storage is. One plan by the environmental ngo borneo orangutan survival is to preserve the peat swamp forest of mawas using a combination of carbon finance and debtfornature.
Abstract peat swamp forests are highly significant globally, both for their diverse and threatened species and as representative unique ecosystems. Leaf size indices and structure of the peat swamp forest. The woody peat formed in these ecosystems is rich in c 56 % on a dry mass basis and the peat deposits can be several metrethicks over vast areas. Peat swamp forests are forest wetlands in tropical and subtropical areas. Initiating the establishment of commercial stand at tasik. These indonesian peat swamp forests account for 50 % of all tropical peat swamps and 10. To this end, a case study project was developed in the air hitam laut river basin, jambi province, indonesia. Predominant land uses of peat swamp forests in southeast asia are forestry and agriculture.